An analysis of the Uzbek translation of “The Alchemist” by Paulo Coelho

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Theme: An analysis of the Uzbek translation of “The Alchemist” by Paulo Coelho
Content
I .   Introduction 
1. Importance of the translation 
2. Subject , object and aims of the research
3. The novelty of the work , the hypothesis , the expected results , the level of
analysis of the topic
4. Theoretical   and   practical   significance   ,   methods   and   structure   of   the
research 
II    Literature  review 
      1. Studies and researches on the translation of “The Alchemist”
      2. Challenges of translating stylistic devices   
      3. Translation methods and approaches 
III   Methodology
      1. Methods of analysis 
      2. Omissions and additions by the translator 
      3. Translator’s achievements
      4.Defects in the work
IV   Conclusion
      1.Shortcomings and suggestions for the further research
      2. Summary of findings and implications for translation studies and practice
V   References   
1. Used literature and internet sources                  
                                                Introduction
 Relevance of the research:   Several areas of knowledge are determined every year
in   Uzbekistan,   the   development   of   which   is   given   priority   attention.   This   year
physics   and   foreign   languages   have   become   such   areas.   Uzbekistan’s   policy   of
openness,   active   entry   into   the   global   market,   expansion   of   international
cooperation in all areas increase the need for studying foreign languages. Teaching
in foreign languages  is conducted in 25 higher education institutions in Uzbekistan.
In 2016, there were only 7 such institutions. Over the past 3 years, the number of
applicants   who   have   received   a   language   certificate   of   international   level   has
increased   tenfold.   This   year   350   students   received   grants   to   study   at   prestigious
foreign   universities   through   the   El-Yurt   Umidi   Foundation,   which   is   five   times
more than in previous years. However, the state of the system of teaching foreign
languages  at some places does not allow effectively solving the large-scale tasks in
this area. So, in the education system, there are more than 2 thousand vacancies for
foreign language teachers. 
  “The   time   has   come   to   create   in   Uzbekistan   a   new   system   of   teaching   foreign
languages,   which   will   become   a   solid   foundation   for   the   future.   Since   we   set
ourselves   the   goal   of   building   a   competitive   state,   from   now   on,   graduates   of
schools,   lyceums,   colleges  and   universities  must  be   fluent  in  at  least   two  foreign
languages. This strict requirement should become the main criterion for the work
of the head of each education institution”, Shavkat Mirziyoyev said. 1
It   was   noted   that   an   Agency   for   the   Promotion   of   Learning   Foreign   Languages  
will be created under the Cabinet of Ministers. The agency will be engaged in the
introduction   of   proven   methods,   programs   and   textbooks   into   the   education
system,   and   will   organize   training   in   at   least   10   foreign   languages   based   on   the
needs of educational institutions, industries and regions. The agency’s competence
will   also   include   the   task   of   developing   and   introducing   methods   for   ministries,
1
  May 6 in 2021 agencies and other employers that will allow employees to carry out professional
activities in foreign languages. One of the main tasks  of the structure will be the
creation   of   methods   for   professional   translation   from   the   state   language   into
foreign and from foreign languages  into the state. The agency will also maintain a
rating   of   foreign   language   proficiency,   develop   qualification   requirements   and
criteria for assessing foreign language teachers   and assign qualification categories
to them. In general, the main activity of the Agency will be the development and
implementation of  methods,  recommendations and textbooks  for  all  categories  of
the   population   along   the   chain   “kindergarten   –   school   –   higher   education   –
enterprise”.   In   addition   to   Tashkent   State   Universities   of   World   Languages   and
Oriental Studies, the Samarkand Institute of Foreign Languages, one university in
each region will be determined as the base for the study of foreign languages. The
Head of the state emphasized the need for creating decent conditions for teachers
and   stimulating   them   based   on   their   qualifications.   The   task   has   been   set   to
introduce   salary   increments   for   teachers   who   have   received   an   international
certificate with an initial and secondary level – in the amount of 40 percent, and for
those who have achieved a high level  – in the amount of 50 percent. In addition,
teachers with high scores will be reimbursed for the cost of taking the international
certification   test.   A   requirement   will   be   established   according   to   which   starting
next   year   only   teachers   of   foreign   languages   with   a   national   or   international
certificate can be hired. It was noted that over the next three years, all 53 thousand
foreign language teachers  in schools should receive an international certificate. The
task was  set  to fill  vacancies  in schools  with qualified specialists.  207 schools  in
districts and cities will specialize in in-depth teaching of foreign languages. These
schools   will   be   given   the   freedom   to   choose   foreign-made   books,   advanced
curricula and methodologies, teaching will be conducted in a foreign language.
The   hokimiyats   of   the   regions   were   instructed   to   allocate   1   billion   UZS   of   local
budget   funds   to   each   district   and   city   to   improve   the   quality   of   teaching   foreign
languages   in   schools.   The   importance   of   attracting   foreign   teachers   –   native speakers   to   specialized   schools   and   specialized   higher   education   institutions,
organizing training for teachers of foreign languages  abroad was emphasized.
The Head of the state proposed to establish a President’s Award to determine the
best   schools   teaching   foreign   languages.   The   competition   will   be   held   at   the
district, city, regional and republican levels. The schools that won first place at the
district and city levels will receive 100 million UZS as a prize, the winners of the
regional stage – 250 million UZS, and the best school in the country – 500 million
UZS. Accordingly, the owners of the second and third places at the national level
will   also   be   awarded.   The   principals   and   teachers   of   these   schools   will   be
nominated for state awards. The quality of teaching also depends on textbooks and
teaching aids, which must comply with international standards. Therefore, the task
was   set   to   approve   English   textbooks   from   the   Cambridge   University   publishing
house in 200 schools. Similar activity will be carried out for textbooks in Russian,
German,   Korean,   Chinese   and   French.   Each   foreign   language   teacher   will   be
allocated   1   million   UZS   from   the   budget   for   the   purchase   of   new   literature   and
manuals that will keep abreast of the latest changes in their field. The Ministry of
Preschool   Education   has   been   instructed   to   develop,   jointly   with   UNICEF,   and
implement guidelines for teaching foreign languages  to children under the age of 7.
20 specialists will be sent abroad annually for doctoral studies through the El-Yurt
Umidi   Foundation   to   increase   the   scientific   and   pedagogical   potential   in   this
sphere.
The   importance   of   further   strengthening   cooperation   with   such   foreign
organizations as the British Council, Goethe-Institut, Alliance Française, KOICA,
JICA,   Confucius   Institute,   and   expanding   the   network   of   non-governmental
training centers was emphasized. The need was noted for stimulating the study of
languages   in every ministry, agency, state company and large private enterprises,
to introduce a special  day for  the study of foreign languages  there and create the
necessary conditions for this. Instructions   were   also   given   to   create   video   lessons,   educational   films   and
broadcasts, as well as the development of e-programs.
                Object   of   the   study:   “The   Alchemist”   by   Paulo   Coelho   in   1988   and
translated   into   English   language   by   Clifford   E.   Landers   as   well   as   the   Uzbek
translation of it by Ahmad Otaboy in 2008 . 
                Subject   of   the   study:   The   English   and   Uzbek   versions   of   the   book   “The
Alchemist”   by   Paulo   Coelho.   Analyzing   the   differences   and   similarities   in
translation. Finding problems in translation field and addressing them.
               The purpose and function of research : the purpose  of this research is to
study   the   principles   of   translating   literary   texts   for   the   field   of   education   and   to
develop   practical   proposals,   recommendations   for   their   improvement.   In   order   to
achieve this goal, I need to perform the following tasks:
- Read and analyze both translations 
- Find similarities and differences in both versions
- Learn translation theories 
- Present my own findings in the field
        Methods of research work:  I acquainted with relevant field literature on my
research   topic.   I   looked   through   the   latest   literatures   in   literary   translation   .In
research  comparing and contrasting methods are  used.
        Theoretical and practical significance of our research work : The results of
the study are planned to solve problems and challenges in translating literary texts.
Creating   manuals   and   textbooks,   conducting   methodological   research   serves   as   a
theoretical basis.  
            The level of study of the research : The lack of scientific articles , doctoral
dissertations   and   master’s   theses   dedicated   to   this   topic   motivated   us   to   conduct research   on   this   topic   .   There   are   some   methodological   books   for   literary
translation   but   not   enough   data.   Creating   theoretical   manuals   for   the   field   of
literary translation that can compete with modern foreign manuals, remains one of
the painful points of Uzbek linguistics.
                 Results achieved in the research process : During my scientific research,
my   scientific   theses   were   published   on   the   topic:   ANALYSIS   OF   THE
STYLISTIC   DEVICES   IN   THE   FIRST   CHAPTER   OF   THE   BOOK   “THE
ALCHEMIST “BY PAULO COELHO…
                The   scientific   novelty   of   the   research   work :   In   order   to   do   scientific
research,   I   looked   through   the   theoretical   books   which   are   related   to   literary
translation   in   both   English   and   Uzbek.   While   I   was   looking   through   them   I
recognized   some   challenges   on   translation   as   well   as   I   planned   to   do   better
translation of literary books in future.
         The structure and size of the dissertation:  The structure of the dissertation
consists   of   an   introduction,   3   chapters,   a   conclusion   a   list   of   references   and   an
appendix, the total size is--- pages .

Theme: An analysis of the Uzbek translation of “The Alchemist” by Paulo Coelho Content I . Introduction 1. Importance of the translation 2. Subject , object and aims of the research 3. The novelty of the work , the hypothesis , the expected results , the level of analysis of the topic 4. Theoretical and practical significance , methods and structure of the research II Literature review 1. Studies and researches on the translation of “The Alchemist” 2. Challenges of translating stylistic devices 3. Translation methods and approaches III Methodology 1. Methods of analysis 2. Omissions and additions by the translator 3. Translator’s achievements 4.Defects in the work IV Conclusion 1.Shortcomings and suggestions for the further research 2. Summary of findings and implications for translation studies and practice V References 1. Used literature and internet sources

Introduction Relevance of the research: Several areas of knowledge are determined every year in Uzbekistan, the development of which is given priority attention. This year physics and foreign languages have become such areas. Uzbekistan’s policy of openness, active entry into the global market, expansion of international cooperation in all areas increase the need for studying foreign languages. Teaching in foreign languages is conducted in 25 higher education institutions in Uzbekistan. In 2016, there were only 7 such institutions. Over the past 3 years, the number of applicants who have received a language certificate of international level has increased tenfold. This year 350 students received grants to study at prestigious foreign universities through the El-Yurt Umidi Foundation, which is five times more than in previous years. However, the state of the system of teaching foreign languages at some places does not allow effectively solving the large-scale tasks in this area. So, in the education system, there are more than 2 thousand vacancies for foreign language teachers. “The time has come to create in Uzbekistan a new system of teaching foreign languages, which will become a solid foundation for the future. Since we set ourselves the goal of building a competitive state, from now on, graduates of schools, lyceums, colleges and universities must be fluent in at least two foreign languages. This strict requirement should become the main criterion for the work of the head of each education institution”, Shavkat Mirziyoyev said. 1 It was noted that an Agency for the Promotion of Learning Foreign Languages will be created under the Cabinet of Ministers. The agency will be engaged in the introduction of proven methods, programs and textbooks into the education system, and will organize training in at least 10 foreign languages based on the needs of educational institutions, industries and regions. The agency’s competence will also include the task of developing and introducing methods for ministries, 1 May 6 in 2021

agencies and other employers that will allow employees to carry out professional activities in foreign languages. One of the main tasks of the structure will be the creation of methods for professional translation from the state language into foreign and from foreign languages into the state. The agency will also maintain a rating of foreign language proficiency, develop qualification requirements and criteria for assessing foreign language teachers and assign qualification categories to them. In general, the main activity of the Agency will be the development and implementation of methods, recommendations and textbooks for all categories of the population along the chain “kindergarten – school – higher education – enterprise”. In addition to Tashkent State Universities of World Languages and Oriental Studies, the Samarkand Institute of Foreign Languages, one university in each region will be determined as the base for the study of foreign languages. The Head of the state emphasized the need for creating decent conditions for teachers and stimulating them based on their qualifications. The task has been set to introduce salary increments for teachers who have received an international certificate with an initial and secondary level – in the amount of 40 percent, and for those who have achieved a high level – in the amount of 50 percent. In addition, teachers with high scores will be reimbursed for the cost of taking the international certification test. A requirement will be established according to which starting next year only teachers of foreign languages with a national or international certificate can be hired. It was noted that over the next three years, all 53 thousand foreign language teachers in schools should receive an international certificate. The task was set to fill vacancies in schools with qualified specialists. 207 schools in districts and cities will specialize in in-depth teaching of foreign languages. These schools will be given the freedom to choose foreign-made books, advanced curricula and methodologies, teaching will be conducted in a foreign language. The hokimiyats of the regions were instructed to allocate 1 billion UZS of local budget funds to each district and city to improve the quality of teaching foreign languages in schools. The importance of attracting foreign teachers – native

speakers to specialized schools and specialized higher education institutions, organizing training for teachers of foreign languages abroad was emphasized. The Head of the state proposed to establish a President’s Award to determine the best schools teaching foreign languages. The competition will be held at the district, city, regional and republican levels. The schools that won first place at the district and city levels will receive 100 million UZS as a prize, the winners of the regional stage – 250 million UZS, and the best school in the country – 500 million UZS. Accordingly, the owners of the second and third places at the national level will also be awarded. The principals and teachers of these schools will be nominated for state awards. The quality of teaching also depends on textbooks and teaching aids, which must comply with international standards. Therefore, the task was set to approve English textbooks from the Cambridge University publishing house in 200 schools. Similar activity will be carried out for textbooks in Russian, German, Korean, Chinese and French. Each foreign language teacher will be allocated 1 million UZS from the budget for the purchase of new literature and manuals that will keep abreast of the latest changes in their field. The Ministry of Preschool Education has been instructed to develop, jointly with UNICEF, and implement guidelines for teaching foreign languages to children under the age of 7. 20 specialists will be sent abroad annually for doctoral studies through the El-Yurt Umidi Foundation to increase the scientific and pedagogical potential in this sphere. The importance of further strengthening cooperation with such foreign organizations as the British Council, Goethe-Institut, Alliance Française, KOICA, JICA, Confucius Institute, and expanding the network of non-governmental training centers was emphasized. The need was noted for stimulating the study of languages in every ministry, agency, state company and large private enterprises, to introduce a special day for the study of foreign languages there and create the necessary conditions for this.

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