KESAR KESISH OPERATSIYASIDAN KEYIN PAYDO BO‘LGAN “NISHA” SIMPTOMINI GISTEROSKOP YORDAMIDA TASHXISLASH
KESAR KESISH OPERATSIYASIDAN KEYIN PAYDO BO‘LGAN “NISHA” SIMPTOMINI GISTEROSKOP YORDAMIDA TASHXISLASH MUNDARIJA MundarIja .......................................................................................................................................... 1 KIRISH ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Qisqаrtmаlаr ro'yxаti ......................................................................................................................... 7 I BOB. KESАRCHА KESISHDАN KEYINGI CHАNDIQNING MАHАLLIY YUPQАLАSHISHINI TАSHXISLАSHNING ZАMОNАVIY USULLАRI (Аdаbiyotlаr shаrhi) ....................................................... 8 1.1. Kesаrchа kesish operаtsiyаsining zаmonаviy tibbiyotda o’rni .................................................... 8 1.2. Kesаrcha kesish jаrrohlik аmaliyotidan keyin yuzаga kelаdigan аsoratlar ................................. 11 1.3. Kesаrcha kesish operatsiyаsidan keyingi bachаdondagi o’zgаrishlar ........................................ 15 1.4. Kesarcha kesishdan keyingi chandiqning mahalliy yupqalashishi ............................................. 17 1.5 “Tоkcha” simptоmi bo’lgan ayоllarning reprоduktiv faоliyati .................................................... 20 II BOB. TADQIQOT MATERIALLARI VA USULLARI ............................................................................. 29 2.1. Tekshiruvdan o'tgan ayollarning klinik xususiyatlari ................................................................. 29 2.2. Tadqiqot usullari ....................................................................................................................... 34 2.3. Tadqiqotning statistik tahlili ...................................................................................................... 44 2.4. Tadqiqotni tashkil etish ............................................................................................................. 45 III BOB. OLIB BORILGAN TADQIQOT NATIJALARI .............................................................................. 46 3.1. Kesar kesish opertasiyasidan keyin paydo bo‘lgan “nisha” simptomini klinik belgilari va xavf omillari ............................................................................................................................................. 46 Shunday qilib, hayz ko'rishda patologik chastotasiga e'tibor qaratilsa - 16,25% ayollarda oligomenoreya, bir nafarda amenoreya, bir nafar bachadondan anomal qon ketishlar qayd etilgan. Jinsiy faoliyatning boshlanishi tahlilida (jadval 3.3), ayollarning 30% qayd erta jinsiy hayot boshlanishi qayd etilgan. ................................................................................................................. 48 Ayollarning ginekologik kasalliklar anamnezini o’rganganda ko’plab yallig’lanish kasalliklarning surunkali kechishiga amin bo’ldik. Aynan 40% ayollarda endometrit belgilari, 23,3% da endoservitsit belgilari, 16,67% da ularning birga kelishi, 10% da salpingoofarit aniqlangan. Endometrioz bo’yicha 43,3% ayollarda o’zgarishlar qayd etilib oldin davo muolajalarini olishganligi aniqlangan (diagramma 3.1). ........................................................................................................... 48 Bachadon miomasi tashxisi 16,67% ga qo’yilgan. Tuxumdonlarda kistoz o’zgarishlar 10% da qayd etilgan. ............................................................................................................................................. 48 Tadqiqotimizda qatnashgan ayollarda Kesarcha kesish amaliyotidan keyingi chandiq sohasini baholash maqsadida ularni so’rovdan va tadqiqotlardan o’tkazdik. ................................................ 48 1
Diagramma 3.1. O’rganilgan ayollarning ginekologik kasalliklar anamnezi ...................................... 49 ......................................................................................................................................................... 49 So’rov umumiy ma’lumotlardan tashqari xususiy (chandiq haqidagi) savollardan tashkil topgan edi. Quyidagi 3.4 – jadvalda chandiq sohasi bo’yicha qo’yilgan savollarga berilgan javoblar tahlili keltirilgan. ........................................................................................................................................ 49 Jadval 3.4 ......................................................................................................................................... 49 Chandiq sohasi bo’yicha berilgan savollar tahlili .............................................................................. 49 Chandiq sohasida og’riq bormi ........................................................................................................ 49 Ha .................................................................................................................................................... 49 Yo’q .................................................................................................................................................. 49 7 (23.3%) .......................................................................................................................................... 49 23 (76.7%) ........................................................................................................................................ 49 Chandiq muddati ............................................................................................................................. 49 1-3 yil ............................................................................................................................................... 49 3-7 yil ............................................................................................................................................... 49 11 (36.7%) ........................................................................................................................................ 49 19 (63.3%) ........................................................................................................................................ 49 KK amaliyotidan keyin homiladorlik yuzaga kelganmi ..................................................................... 49 Ha .................................................................................................................................................... 49 Yo’q .................................................................................................................................................. 49 0 ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 30 (100%) ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Chandiq sohasida o’zgarishlarni umumiy so’rovdan aniqlash qiyindir. Lekin bizni kuzatuvlarimizda 23.3% holda chandiq yupqalashishiga shubha uyg’otuvchi chandiq sohasidagi og’riq, nohush hislar mavjud edi. ...................................................................................................................................... 51 Bizning kuzatuvimizda bor yo’g’i 4 nafar ayollarimizda chandiqlar soni bittadan ortiq edi. Ulardan chandiqlar orasidagi muddatni so’raganda 3ta chandig’i bo’lgan ayol birinchi va ikkinchi chandiq orasida 1 yil, ikkinchi va uchinchi chandiq orasida 1,5 yil mudat bo’lganligini aytdi. 3 nafar 2ta chandig’i bor ayollarning 2tasida chandiqlar orasidagi muddat 2 yil, 1tasida 1 yil edi (diagramma 3.2.). Shuni takidlash kerakki ushbu ayollarning 2tasida jarrohlik amaliyotidan keyingi davrda endometrit kuzatilgan. ..................................................................................................................... 51 Diagramma 3.2. 1tadan ortiq chandig’i bo’lgan ayollarning chandiqlari o’rtasidagi muddati tahlili (yillarda ko’rsatilgan) ....................................................................................................................... 51 ......................................................................................................................................................... 51 Xavf omillari sifatida chandiqlar orasidagi muddatning qisqaligi, jarrohlik amaliyotidan keyingi davrda asoratlar yuzaga kelishini ajratsak bo’ladi. ........................................................................... 51 O’tkazilgan ayollarda umumiy qon tahlilida 76.7 % da anemiya qayd etildi, bunda 13 nafar ayollarda (43.3%) anemiya yengil darajasi, 5 nafarda (16.67%) o’rta darajasi, 3 nafarida (10%) og’ir darajasi edi. Qolgan ko’rsatkichlarda sezilarli o’zgarishlar qayd etilmadi. O’rtacha eritrositlar soni 2
3.6±0.75*10 12 , leykositlar soni 13.47±0.36*10 9 , trombositlar soni 287.86±36.44*10 9 , retikulositlar 1.11±0.57%, Rangli ko’rsatkich 0.83±0.07; EChT 12.6±1.4 mm/soat ni tashkil qildi. ....................... 52 Diagramma 3.3. Surtma tahlili natijalari .......................................................................................... 55 3.2. “Nisha” simptomi instrumental diagnostikasi natijalari. ........................................................... 56 3.3 “Nisha” simptomi diagnostkasi algoritmi ................................................................................... 61 XULOSA ............................................................................................................................................ 63 AMALIY KO’RSATMALAR .................................................................................................................. 64 FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI ...................................................................................... 65 3
KIRISH Muammo dolzarbligi. Zamonaviy akusherlikning o‘ziga xos farqli jihati, uning jarrohlikka yo‘ nalganligidir. So ‘nggi o‘ n yil davomida butun dunyo bo ‘ylab kesar kesish operatsiyasining chastotasi 25%-30% ga oshdi. Shunday qilib kesar kesish operatsiyasi har beshinchi homilador ayolda o ‘ tkaziladi. ( Ye.J Betran, A.B Moller 2016-yil). Mamlakatimizdagi perinatal markazlar va klinikalarda ushbu opertasiya chastotasi 15% gacha yetdi. Umumiy hisobda qayta tug ‘uvchi ayollarning 4-8 foizida kesar kesish operatsiyasidan keyin chandiq paydo bo‘ lgan. Shu sababli bugungi kunda kesar kesish operatsiyasi chastotasining oshishi, bu operatsiyadan keyin paydo bo ‘ ladigan asoratlarga bo ‘ lgan qiziqishni oshirmoqda. (E.H Martinova, D.M Nersesyan, A.A Bubnikovich 2014-yil). Birinchi marta 1961-yilda L. Poidevin bachadonning paski segmentida opertasiyadan keyingi chandiq sohasida uchburchaksimon botiq borligini ta’kidlab o ‘tgan. Adabiyotlarda bachadon devorida “nisha”, “istmoselle”, “qopcha”, “tokcha” kabi atamalarni uchratish mumkin. (O. N Nojnitseva, V. F Bejenar 2020-yil). “Nisha” simptomi bu-bachadon endometriyasida 1 mm va undan yuqori anexogen chuqurcha paydo bo‘lishidir. Bachadondagi “Nisha” chandig‘i hosil bo‘lish jarayonini tushuntirib beruvchi bir necha gipotezalar mavjud. Ammo hozirgacha uning patogenezi noaniq qolmoqda. Hamda uning diagnostikasi uchun aniq bir algoritm ham ishlab chiqilmagan. Shuningdek mutaxassislarning “Nisha” simptomini davolash zarurati haqidagi fikrlari bahsligicha qolmoqda (O. N Nojnitseva, V. F Bejenar 2020-yil). 4
Tatqiqotning maqsadi: Bachadonda kesar kesish operatsiyasidan keyin paydo bo ‘lgan “nisha” simptomining diagnostikasini gisteroskopiya yordamida takomillashtirish. Tadqiqot obyekti – Kesar kesish operatsiyasidan keyin “nisha” simptomiga shubhasi bo’lgan 30 nafar ayollar. Tadqiqot usullari: Nazariy usullar: tadqiqot muammosi bo'yicha zamonaviy ilmiy-uslubiy adabiyotlarni va axborot manbalarini tahlil qilish va o'rganish, monografik usul, mantiqiy va umumlashtirish usuli. Emperik usullar: 1. Umumiy tekshirish metodlari (umumiy qon tahlili, umumiy siydik tahlili, qonning biokimyoviy tahlili, koakulogramma); 2. UTT; 3. Gisteroskopiya. Matematik usullar. Ma'lumotlarni statistik tahlil qilish uchun SPSS to'plami ishlatilgan. Tadqiqot maqsadi bilan bog'liq ravishda, bir qator vazifalarni oldimizga qo’ydik: 1.Kesar kesish opertasiyasidan keyin paydo bo‘lgan “nisha” simptomini klinik belgilari va xavf omillarini aniqlash; 2. “Nisha” simptomi diagnostikasida, instrumental usullarni (UTT va gisteroskopiya) qo‘llash orqali qiyosiy baholash; 3. “Nisha” simptomi diagnostik algoritmini ishlab chiqish. 5