36 SHAROF RASHIDOV NOMIDAGI SAMARQAND DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI Fakultet: Tarix Kafedra: ,, Jahon Tarixi’’ KURS ISHI MАVZU: ELXONLAR DAVRIDA ERONNING ICHKI VA TASHQI SIYOSATI Bajardi: Tekshirdi: _______________________

36 MUNDARIJA KIRISH …………………………………………………………………… 3 I – BOB. ELXONIYLARNING ERONGA KIRIB KELISHI VA MO’G’ULLAR ISTILOSI………………………………………………… 4 1.1. Elxonlarning Eronga kirib kelishi………………………………….. 4 1.2. Elxonlarning Eron, Iroq va Shom diyoridagi hududlari va Xuloku davridagi siyosiy holat ……………………………………….…… 12 II – BOB. ELXONIY HUKMDORLAR DAVRIDA ERONNING ICHKI VA TASHQI SIYOSATI ………………………………………………… 19 2.1. Abaqa, Teguder (Ahmad), Arg’un, Mahmud G’azonxon va Abu Said kabilarning hukmronligi davrida Elxonlarning ichki va tashqi siyosati … 19 2.2. Elxoniylar davlatining tanazzuli sabablari ………………………….. 29 III – BOB. ,,ELXONLAR DAVRIDA ERONNING ICHKI VA TASHQI SIYOSATI’’ mavzusiga doir pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanish .. 31 3.1. ,,Davra suhbati’’ metodi …………………..……………………….... 31 3.2. ,,BBB’’ metodi ……………………………………………………… 33 XULOSA ……...………………………………………………………….. 35 GLOSSARIY ……………………………………………………………... 36 FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI …………………. 37

36 KIRISH A s s a l o m u a l a y k u m , A z i z o ’ q u v c h i l a r ! B i z O ’ r t a a s r l a r d a g i E r o n d a v l a t i t a r i x i n i n g b i r q i s m i h i s o b l a n g a n , m o ’ g ’ u l l a r n i n g E r o n g a b o s q i n i n a t i j a s i d a vujudga kelib, ma’lum vaqt davomida mavjud bo’lgan Elxonlar davlatining ichki v a t a s h q i s i y o s a t i g a i m k o n q a d a r t o ’ x t a l a m i z . B u m a v z u n i o ’ r g a n i s h d a b i z , a s o s a n , Y e v r o p a l i k o l i m l a r t o m o n i d a n y o z i l g a n a s a r l a r g a t a y a n g a n h o l d a , E l x o n l a r d a v l a t i n i n g i c h k i v a t a s h q i s i y o s a t i n i s u l t o n n o m i b i l a n b o s h q a r g a n h u k m d o r l a r n i n g o ’ z d a v r i d a a m a l g a o s h i r g a n i s h l a r i x u s u s i d a m a v z u y o r i t i l a d i . B u m a v z u n i o ’ r g a n i s h j a r a y o n i d a s i z o ’ z i n g i z g a m a ’ l u m b o ’ l m a g a n k o ’ p l a b m a ’ l u m o t l a r n i o l i b , s i z b i l m a g a n , s i z e s h i t m a g a n O ’ r t a a s r l a r d a g i E r o n d a b o ' l i b o’t gan qi z iqa rl i m a’ l um otl a rni o’ rgani s h orqa li , s hu zam onga oi d voqea la r bi l an t a n i s h a s i z . S h u n i n g d e k , s i z E l x o n i y h u k m d o r l a r i n i n g h a y o t i , s i y o s a t i , m o ’ g ’ u l l a r n i n g q a n d a y q i l i b b u h u d u d l a r g a o ’ r n a s h g a n i n i , u l a r n i n g n a f a q a t , f o r s l a r b i l a n , b a l k i b o s h q a k o ’ p l a b x a l q a r b i l a n e t n i k m u n o s a b a t l a r i , u l a r o ’ r t a s i d a g i u r u s h l a r n i n g k e l i b c h i q i s h i , b o r i s h i , s u l h l a r n i n g t u z i l i s h i v a s h u n g a o’xshash tarixiy voqealar rivojining qay tarzda bo’lganligini isbotlovchi ko’plab yozma manbalar va ayrim moddiy manbalar yordamida ham o’sha vaqtdagi aniq f a k t l a r a s o s i d a m a ’ l u m o t l a r o l a s i z . S i z d a s a v o l p a y d o b o ’ l i s h i m u m k i n . X o ’ s h , B i z E r o n n i n g o ’ r t a a s r l a r d a g i s i y o s i y t a r i x i n i n i m a u c h u n o ’ r g a n a m i z ? ; N e g a , a y n a n , E l x o n l a r n i n g i c h k i v a t a s h q i s i y o s a t i n i o ’ r g a n y a p m i z ? B u s a v o l l a r g a h a r k i m n i n g j a v o b v a f i k r l a r i h a r x i l l i g i u c h u n , s h u s a v o l l a r g a o ’ z i n g i z g a m a ’ q u l j a v o b n i f i k r l a b t o p a s i z d e g a n u m i d b i l a n q i s q a g i n a k i r i s h q i s m i n i y a k u n i g a yetkazsak!

36 I-BOB. Elxoniylarning Eronga kirib kelishi va mo'g'ullar istilosi. 1.1. Elxonlarning Eronga kirib kelishi. T u r o n d a S u l t o n M u h a m m a d n i n g m o ‘ g ‘ u l l a r b i l a n i l k a l o q a l a r i x r o n o l o g i y a s i n i h o y a t d a c h a l k a s h b o ‘ l i b , t u r l i h o k i m i y a t l a r n i n g h i s o b - k i t o b l a r i n i b i r - b i r i g a m o s l a s h t i r i s h q i y i n , b a ’ z a n e s a i m k o n s i z d i r . J u z j o n i y n i y n i n g y o z i s h i c h a , 1 2 1 5 - yilda munosabatlar o rnatilgan. O zini Xitoy boyliklariga jalb qilgan va shu boisʻ ʻ C h i n g i z x o n n i n g o s h a h u d u d d a g i o p e r a t s i y a l a r i h a q i d a g i x a b a r l a r d a n b e z o v t a ʻ b o l g a n M u h a m m a d b u y a n g i r a q i b g a u n i n g h a r b i y k u c h i n i a n i q l a s h m a q s a d i d a ʻ e l c h i x o n a j o n a t i s h g a q a r o r q i l a d i v a u n i n g m u v a f f a q i y a t l a r i g a b i r e l c h i ʻ B a h o u d d i n R o z i y r a h b a r l i k q i l g a n . S h u n i n g d e k , J u z j o n i y e l c h i n i n g h a q i q i y s o ' z l a r i b i l a n m i s s i y a h a q i d a o ' z i n i n g b i r q a n c h a m a ' l u m o t l a r i n i b e r g a n l i g i n i e ' t i r o f e t a d i . E l c h i l a r S h i m o l i y X i t o y t e k i s l i g i b o ' y l a b s a y o h a t q i l g a n d a , u l a r u z o q d a n k a t t a o q t e p a l i k n i t a s v i r l a s h d i , u l a r q o r b i l a n q o p l a n g a n t o g ' d e b bilishgan, ammo ularning yo'lboshchilari aytganidek, u aslida inson suyaklaridan i b o r a t u l k a n p i r a m i d a e d i . . U l a r u z o q r o q b o r g a n s a r i o y o q l a r i o s t i d a g i y e r q o r a y i b , c h i r i g a n j a s a d l a r y o g ' i d a n y o g ' l a n i b k e t d i . S h u n i n g d e k , u c h t a t o ' l i q bosqichda ular bu dahshatli botqoqdan o'tishlari kerak edi. Nihoyat Pekinga yetib b o r g a n l a r i d a , q a l ' a o s t i d a 6 0 0 0 0 n a f a r y o s h a y o l n i n g s u y a k l a r i b o r l i g i n i k o ' r d i l a r . U l a r s h a h a r n i e g a l l a b o l i s h g a n d a , m o ' g ' u l l a r q o ' l i g a o ' t i s h d a n k o ' r a o'zlarini devorlardan tashlab ketishgan. Elchilarning Chingizxon bilan birinchi s u h b a t i c h o g ' i d a c h i n i m p e r a t o r i n i n g o ' g ' l i v a b o s h v a z i r z a n j i r b a n d q i l i n g a n h o l d a o l i b k e l i n d i , b u t o m o s h a n i n g e l c h i l a r g a t a ' s i r i n i k o ' z - k o ' z b i l a n k o ' r i s h i s h u b h a s i z . B i r o q , i k k i n c h i e l c h i l a r g u r u h i y a x s h i q a b u l q i l i n d i v a i k k i n c h i s u h b a t d a C h i n g i z x o n u l a r g a s u l t o n g a u n i G ' a r b n i n g h u k m d o r i d e b b i l i s h i n i , c h u n k i o ' z i S h a r q n i n g h u k m d o r i b o ' l g a n l i g i n i a y t i s h n i b u y u r d i . U l a r o ‘ r t a s i d a t i n c h l i k v a d o ‘ s t l i k t o ‘ g ‘ r i s i d a s h a r t n o m a t u z i l i b , s a v d o g a r l a r o ‘ z h u d u d l a r i o‘rtasida erkin sayohat qilishlari kerak. U o'z xo'jayiniga taqdim qilish uchun ular bilan birga yuborgan sovg'alar orasida Xitoy tog'laridan bir parcha oltin ham bor edi.¹ ______________________ ¹ The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume-5, p. 303.

36U l a r b i l a n b i r g a o ‘ z s a v d o g a r l a r i d a n b i r g u r u h i n i h a m o l t i n , k u m u s h , i p a k v a mo‘yna yuklangan besh yuz tuya karvon bilan jo‘natdi. Shu o‘rinda Juzjoniy bu v o q e a n i s h u b h a o s t i g a q o ‘ y a d i , a m m o , B a h o u d d i n n i n g s o ‘ z l a r i g a k o ‘ r a , b u l a r O ` t r o r d a h i b s g a o l i n i s h i v a q a t l e t i l i s h i C h i n g i z x o n v a S u l t o n o ‘ r t a s i d a j a n j a l k e l i b c h i q i s h i g a s a b a b b o ‘ l g a n s a v d o g a r l a r e d i . P e k i n g a m i s s i y a h a q i d a b o s h q a m a n b a l a r n i n g h e c h b i r i e s l a t m a y d i . B i r o q , N a s a v i y n i n g 1 t e s k a r i y o ' n a l i s h d a g i e l c h i x o n a h a q i d a g i h i k o y a s i a y n i v o q e a n i n g t a v s i f i b o ' l i s h i m u m k i n , y a ' n i , Mo'g'ullar va Xorazmshoh o'rtasidagi birinchi diplomatik to'qnashuv, bu qayerda v a q a c h o n b o ' l i s h i d a n q a t ' i n a z a r N a s a v i y t a r i f l a g a n e l c h i x o n a 1 2 1 8 - y i l n i n gʼ boshlarida Movarounnahr (ehtimol, Buxoro)dagi sulton huzuriga Juzjoniy sanab o t g a n s o v g a l a r g a o x s h a s h s o v g a l a r , j u m l a d a n , , , t o r q u ” ʻ ʻ ʻ ʻ 2 n o m l i q i m m a t b a h o i p a k m a t o b i l a n y e t i b k e l d i . U l a r k e l t i r g a n x a b a r h a m J u z j o n i y y o z g a n x a b a r g a o'xshardi. Chingizxon Sultonning g‘alabalarini eshitib, u bilan tinchlik va do‘stlik s h a r t n o m a s i t u z m o q c h i e d i . U , s h u n i n g d e k , s a v d o g a r l a r n i n g o ' z h u d u d l a r i o'rtasida erkin va to'siqsiz harakatlanishini xohlardi. Ammo bu tilaklarini bildirar ekan, u Muhammadni ,,o'g'illarimning eng azizlari darajasida" deb ta'kidlagan, bu i b o r a S u l t o n n i q a t t i q x a f a q i l g a n . E l c h i l a r d a n b i r i n i , M a h m u d i s m l i x o r a z m i y n i , e h t i m o l , k e y i n c h a l i k M o ' g ' u l l a r i m p e r i y a s i d a y u q o r i l a v o z i m l a r d a i s h l a g a n Mahmud Yalavochni chaqirib, undan Chingizxon haqida yolg'iz so'radi va uning xi t oyl arni bos i b ol gani va asi r ga ol i ngani r ost m i , deb s o'ra di. U la rni ng bos hl ig` i Mahmud, albatta, shunday, deb javob berdi. Sulton davom etgan bunday istilolar ham kofirga buyuk saltanat hukmdoriga o‘z o‘g‘li, ya’ni vassal sifatida murojaat q i l i s h h u q u q i n i b e r m a g a n . S u l t o n n i n g g ' a z a b i n i s e z g a n M a h m u d m o ' g ' u l l a r qo'shinini Xorazmshoh qo'shinlari bilan solishtirib bo'lmaydi, deb qo'shib qo'ydi va Muhammad tinchlanib, shartnoma tuzishga rozi bo'ldi. 3 Chingizxon (hijriy VII asr/milodiy XII-XIII asrlar) Chingizxon mo`g`ullarning eng katta lashkarboshisi hisoblanadi. U Mo`g`ulistonning hamma taraflarini o`z hukmi ostida birlashtirgan v a u l a r y o r d a m i d a j u d a k a t t a v a k u c h l i a r m i y a t u z g a n . 4 M o ` g ` u l l a r n i n g Y a s s a ( Y a s o q ) d e b a t a l m i s h m a s h h u r d a s t u r i n i C h i n g i z x o n i s h g a s o l g a n . U o ` z i n i n g 1 Houdas. p. 59 2 Torqu- qimmatbaho ipak mato. 3 Boyle. Volume 1. p. 79 4 Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. ,,Islom tarixi” 2-kitob. 264-bet.