Ilk o rta asrlar Sug d savdo manzilgohlari va ularning Buyuk ipak yo’liʻ ʻ taraqqiyotidagi o’rni Samarqand – 2022 1

ANNOTATSIYA Ilk o rta asrlar Sug d savdo manzilgohlari va ularning Buyuk ipak yo’liʻ ʻ taraqqiyotidagi o’rni mavzusidagi dissertatsiyada ilk o’rta asrlar Sug’d savdo manzilgohlarining vujudga kelishiga turtki bo’lgan omillar va tarixiy sharoit, Sug’dning Sharqiy Turkiston va Xitoy bilan aloqalarida sug’diy manzilgohlarning o’rni, Sug’dning Sharqiy Turkiston va Xitoy bilan aloqalarda savdo ustuvorliklari yoritilgan. Shu bilan bir qatorda quyidagi masalar, Sug’d va Xitoy o’rtasidagi aloqalarning tarixiy asoslari, sug’diylarning Xitoy va Sharqiy Turkistonga joylashuvi, Sharqiy Turkistondagi sug’diy manzilgohlaridagi savdo munosabatlarning umumiy tavsifi, Sug’d va Xitoy o’rtasidagi savdo va siyosiy aloqalarda sug’diy manzilgohlarning o’rni, ilk o’rta asrlar Sharqiy Turkiston va Xitoy bilan aloqalarda Choch va Ustrushonaning o’rni, Buyuk ipak yo’li savdosida sug’d va Farg’ona aloqalari masalasi ilmiy va moddiy manbalar asosida yoritilgan. Magistrlik dissertatsiya shuni ko’rsatadiki, Markaziy Osiyo hududidagi yirik vohalardan biri bo lgan Sug d Buyuk ipak yo li chorrahasida joylashgan hudud bo lib, uning Xitoy ʻ ʻ ʻ ʻ bilan savdo va madaniy aloqalari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Sug d va Xitoy ʻ munosabatlari qadimgi davrlarga borib taqaladi. Ayniqsa Aleksandr Makedonskiyning Markaziy Osiyoga yurishlari natijasida bu hududda yashaydigan etnoslar Xitoy hududlariga ko chib o tishga majbur bo lganlar. Ana shu davrdan ʻ ʻ ʻ boshlab Sug d koloniyalarining vujudga kelishini kuzatamiz. ʻ Markaziy Osiyo bo ylab ʻ sug diylarning savdo harakatlari ilk o r ʻ ʻ ta asrlardagi sug diylar uchun siyosiy, ʻ ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va et no madaniy zamin hozirladi hamda ulkan mintaqada yagona etnomadaniy makonni vujudga keltirish jarayonini faollashtirdi. Qolaversa, Buyuk ipak yo lining Marvdan Xitoy devori qadar tarmog i shu hududda yashagan elat va ʻ ʻ xalqlarni iqtisodiy hamkorlik asosida siyosiy va etnomadaniy jihatdan yaqinlashtirdi Kalit so’zlar: koloniya, savdo-tijorat, diplomatiya, strategiya, Buyuk ipak yo’li, etnomadaniy. 2

Annotation The first medieval Suvd trade destinations and their Great Silk Road the first medieval Sogd trade in the dissertation on the theme of its role in development factors and historical conditions that motivate the establishment of settlements Sogdian settlements in relations with East Turkestan and China role, trade priorities of Sogd in relations with East Turkestan and China Illuminated. Alternatively the following tables, between Sogd and China historical background of the relationship, the location of the Sogdians in China and Turkestan, General overview of trade relations in the Eastern Turkistan Sogdian settlements description, Sogdian in trade and political relations between Sogd and China the death of the settlers, the first Middle Ages in relations with East Turkestan and China. The place of Choch and Ustrushoona, sogd and Fergana in the Great Silk Road trade the issue of their relations is covered on the basisof scientific and material sources. Master’s degree the dissertation shows that one of the largestoases in the Central Asian region Sogd is a territory located at the crossroads of the Great Silk Road, Its China of particular importance are trade and cultural relations with. Sogd and China relations go back to the old times. Especially Alexander as a result of Makedonsky’s travels to Central Asia, he lived in this area Ethnos were forsed to move to the terretories of Chine. From this period from the beginning, we observe the emergence of the Sogd Colonies. Across Central Asia the trade movements of the Sogdians were political for the political for the first medieval Sogdians, the socio-economic and ethnomadean ground has been laid and is the only one in the vast region ethnomadaniac has faded the process of creating space. Great the network of the Silk Road from the Marv to the Chinese wall lived in the same area as elat and on the basis of Economic Cooperation, the peoples were politically and ethnomatically brought closer. Key words: colony, commerce, diplomacy, strategy, Great Silk Road, ethnomadani 3

Mundarija: KIRISH 5-10 I-BOB. ILK O RTA ASRLAR SUG D SAVDOʻ ʻ MANZILGOHLARINING VUJUDGA KELIShIGA TURTKI BO LGAN OMILLAR VA TARIXIY S ʻ H AROIT I.1. § . Sug d va Xitoy o rtasidagi aloqalarning tarixiy asoslari ʻ ʻ 11-20 I.2. § . Sug diylarning Xitoy va Sharqiy Turkistonga ʻ joylashuv i 21-28 II-BOB. ILK O RTA ASRLAR SUG DNING S ʻ ʻ H ARQIY TURKISTON VA XITOY BILAN ALOQALARIDA SUG DIY MANZIL ʻ - GOHLARNING O RNI ʻ II.1. § . Sharqiy Turkistondagi sug diy manzilgohlaridagi savdo ʻ munosabatlarining umumiy tavsifi 29-38 II.2. § . Sug d va Xitoy o rtasidagi savdo va siyosiy aloqalarda sug diy ʻ ʻ ʻ manzilgohlarining o rni ʻ 39-49 III-BOB. SUG DNING S ʻ H ARQIY TURKISTON VA XITOY BILAN ALOQALARIDA SAVDO USTIVORLIKLARI III.1. § . Ilk o rta asrlar Sharqiy Turkiston va Xitoy bilan aloqalarda ʻ Sug d ʻ , Choch , Ustrushonaning o rni ʻ 50-56 III.2. § . Buyuk ipak yo li savdosida Sug d va Farg ona aloqalari masalasi ʻ ʻ ʻ 57-69 XULOSA 70-73 SHARTLI QISQARTMALAR 74 FOYDALANILGAN MANBA VA ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI 75-80 ILOVALAR 80-87 4

KIRISH Magistrlik dissertasiyasi mavzusining asoslanishi va uning dolzarbligi . Dunyo xalqlari oʻ rtasidagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, siyosiy munosabatlarda, mintaqalar o ʻ rtasidagi madaniy il g ʻ or yangiliklarning yetib borishida xizmat qilgan bir qancha y o ʻ llar b o ʻ lgan. Mazkur y o ʻ llarning Markaziy Osiyodan o ʻ tgan qismlarida bugungi O ʻ zbe kiston hududida joylashgan y o ʻ llar yuqori ahamiyat kasb etgan. O ʻ zbekiston tabiiy-geografik o ʻ rniga k o ʻ ra, Mar ka ziy Osiyoning marka ziy qismida joylashgan b o ʻ lib, mintaqa boy tari xiy va madaniy meros, yer osti hamda yer usti boyliklarga ega. O ʻ zbekiston bilan aloqalar olib borish mintaqa davlatlari tashqi siyosatida muhim o ʻ rin tutgan. “Shoh y o ʻ li”, “La’l y o ʻ li”, “Buyuk ipak y o ʻ li” kabi tarixda mintaqalar aro savdo va diplomatik munosabatlar rivojida muhim o ʻ rin tutgan strate gik y o ʻ llar taraqqiyotida ham bugungi O ʻ zbekiston hududi salmoqli ahamiyat kasb etgan. Keyingi yillarda qadimda mavjud bo lgan ushbu yo llar va ularning ʻ ʻ ahamiyatiga bag ishlangan bir qator tadqiqotlar amalga oshirilgan. Mazkur ʻ izlanishlar o zining asos e’tiboriga ko ra aksariyat hollarda Buyuk ipak yo li ʻ ʻ ʻ tarixining bir qismi yoki biror jihatiga bag ishlanganligini kuzatish mumkin. ʻ Vaholanki, ushbu savdo yo llarining taraqqiyotida muhim o rin tutgan muayyan ʻ ʻ etnoslar bo lgan. Buyuk ipak yo lining ilk o rta asrlar taraqqiyoti sug diylar ʻ ʻ ʻ ʻ faoliyati bilan jambarchas bog liq bo lib, aynan ushbu enos vakillari Sharqiy ʻ ʻ Turkiston va Xitoy bo ylab o zlarining manzil ʻ ʻ gohlari, qishloq va shaharlarga asos solgan holda ushbu xaqaro yo lning rivojlanishida muhim o rin egallashdi. ʻ ʻ Shunday ekan sug diylarning Sharqiy Turkiston va Xitoy hududlarida tuzgan ʻ manzilgohlari tarixini Buyuk ipak yo lining rivojidagi o rnini o rganish muhim ʻ ʻ ʻ ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Qolaversa, O zbekistonning Respublikasining “Yangi ipak yo li” konsep ʻ ʻ - siyasi doi rasida tashqi siyosatiga, ayniqsa, Buyuk ipak yo lining tiklanishiga doir ʻ muammao larni o rganish, uning tarixiy asoslarini tadqiq etish ushbu magistrlik ʻ dissertasiyasining dolzarbligini belgilaydi. 5